It will be held in Woldenberg Park in the French. Three Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Posters "Mardi Gras, New Orleans", 1994, designed by Benford, signed in plate, and pencil-signed and numbered "588/1800" lower margin; "Mardi Gras, New Orleans", 1990, designed by Bob Coleman, signed in plate, and pencil-signed and numbered "162/1500" lower margin, framed with two Zulu doubloons; and Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2007. In 1909, a group of laborers went to the Pythian Temple Theatre to see a musical comedy by the Smart Set. Furthermore, Zulu aimed this satire specifically at white carnival , which was known to use blackface simply to make fun of African Americans. "Awesome Music and History!" Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. [1] The club is a regular feature of the New Orleans Jazz . NO EXCEPTIONS!!! zulu social aid and pleasure club posters. Following the crowing of King Zulu 2023 and Queen Zulu 2023, our membership and special guests will be entertained by the sounds of Legendary R&B ArtistsMidnight Star, Lloyd, and Anthony Hamilton. Taylor, Yuval, and Jake Austen. From handmade pieces to vintage treasures ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods. Hauptinhalt anzeigen. Sold See item details Similar items on Etsy ( Results include Ads ) Kansas City Royals World Series Victory Rally Print - Free Shipping gCoreStudio The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Inc., is the everyman club. 33, no. Collections; Project #ShowUs; Creative Insights; Custom Content; EDITORIAL; VIDEO. Copyright 1995-2023 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. Zulu Tambourine, Carnival Collection, LaRC-9002, Tulane University Special Collections, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Something went wrong. Njoy Salt & Pepper Packets - 300 Salt 200 Pepper - Free Shipping (#185555975746), Blanca Isabel Purple Rice, American Long Grain, 3 Pound Bag, 2 Pack (#175417432941). 1968 Krewe Of Zulu .999 Silver Mardi Gras Doubloon Lion, 1965 BRONZE DOUBLOON - Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club, Mardi Gras New, 1984 Zulu -Social Aid And Pleasure Club Pin / Medal New Orleans Mardi Gr, 1974 Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club Program New Orleans Mardi Gras Co, 1976 Africian Impala Zulu Social .999 Fine Silver Mardi Gras Doubloon, 1985 Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club Official Program New Orleans Mard, African American Art - New Orleans Zulu And Mardi Gras, 2013 Zulu Coconut Purple Yellow And Gold Monkey, Paintings, George Washington The Vaughan-Stuart Type By Gilbert Stuar, Catalogue Of Rare Objects Of Art, Formed By Prof. E. Vitaly, Comprising, Two Collections Of Oil Paintings Belonging To The Estate Of David T. Buz, American Prints, Comprising Mezzotint Portraits, Maps And Views, Shippin, Oil Paintings By The Early Masters, A Part Of The Collection Of Dr. Geor. Provenance: CHINESE WORLD WAR II GAS ATTACK AND RELATED FIRST AID POSTERS Incredibly graphic set of five emergency first aid posters edited by the Zhixing Club and issued by the Xinya Book Store in Shanghai, unda, Three Michigan Motorsports Official Event Posters - Offered Without ReserveOfficial posters for 1987 Gilmore Museum/Classic Car Club Concours, 1990 Detroit Gold Cup speedboat championships; 1992 Motor, A collection of Zulu weapons 19th century Comprising four axes, three knobkerries (clubs), a spear head and a small dagger, all collected by Gunner R. Dickens of the Natal Naval Volunteers during the, Ca. 30x24" 2023 Poster Signed by the artist, Becky Fos, and the Zulu King-Elect, Nicholls "Neck" Spears and numbered Found something you love but want to make it even more uniquely you? This is even more proof to show us that Zulu is a dynamic krewe and will shift its ideals throughout time with what is acceptable in society. THIS STUNNING LARGE, THREE-SHEET POSTER CONTAINS THREE VIGNETTES INCLUDING RUDY RUDYNOFF AND HIS PRIZE WALTZING HORSES, "TINYMITE" - THE WORLD'S SMALLEST HIPPOPOTAMUS, BEATLES FAN CLUB RARE POSTER Please note that this lot has a confidential reserve. On September 20, 1916, in the notorial office of Gabriel Fernandez, the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club was incorporated. .st1{fill:#FFFFFF;}, 10" ** SELECT YOUR GENERAL PUBLIC TABLE TODAY ON EVENTBRITE AT THIS EARLY BIRD PRICE** Poster is in fair condition light creases and what looks like some scuffs marks or fading on to section. 5777451 dated 02 11 2021 total net weight: 3600. Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. Owens, K. Throw me somethin mister! zulu social aid and pleasure club posters. Chamberlain, Charles. Unframed.Dated 1945.Clown 20 1/2" x 28". Similar to the way African American performers were taking back their identity in the theater, the krewe of Zulu was formed to reclaim the use of blackface in Mardi Gras, which had traditionally been used by old-line krewes and white revelers. Please review photos, AL G KELLY AND MILLER BROTHERS CIRCUS. The black leaders of an iconic Mardi Gras parade want you to know theirblack makeup in NOT blackface. CNN, 5 Mar. 19, no. Please. This amount is subject to change until you make payment. BLACK TUXEDOS FOR MEN AND FLOOR LENTH GOWNS FOR LADIES* Share it with friends, then discover more great TV commercials on iSpot.tv Kostenlos fr kommerzielle Nutzung, keine Namensnennung erforderlich. ZULU Social Aid & Pleasure Club Poster New Orleans Lundi Gras Sign in to check outCheck out as guest This minstrelsys purpose was calling attention to racist stereotypes by vivifying them (Taylor and Austen 89). WEAR TO EDGES. ZULU Social Aid and Pleasure Club. New Orleans. Mardi Gras. - Etsy class="relative z-100 xl:sticky top-0 bg-black h-0">. While the glitz and glamour of carnival draws in tourists from all around the world, few are aware of the social culture of historic New Orleans that is at the foundation of Mardi Gras. Something went wrong. A vintage custom framed Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club lithograph poster, numbered and signed . The membership is composed of men from all walks of life-from laborers, City Mayor, City Councilmen, and State Legislators, to United States Congressman, educators, and men of other professions. Carmin M. Garrett,Sr. In the section describing the krewe of Zulus connections to the Southeastern African tribe of Zulu, the two groups are compared, describing the entrance of the Zulu King to Zululand for each group where the New Orleans Zulu resulted in far more celebrations. 2/10/99), 729 So. Vice-President Bro. The Big Shot Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club New Orleans Karneval 1996 Poster | Art, Art Posters | eBay! Following their first march in 1909, Zulu rode on floats in 1915, and were incorporated as an organization in 1916 they didnt create a Carnival ball ritual until well into the twentieth century, perhaps signifying their reluctance to incorporate old-line practices into their own rituals (Atkins 156). McQueeny argues that they did this to show that the members of this African American krewe arent the lowest on the hierarchy; it gives them some sort of superiority over the African warriors when they were being discriminated against by the white krewes. 2, 2013, pp. Shipping policies vary, but many of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from them. Hours are from 4:00pm to 7:00pm, Tuesday & Thursday. Find the perfect Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The artifact also tells us how the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club was inspired by the Zulu culture of the people in South Africa. 43-62. Atlanta, Georgia 30328 | 877.481.5750, ZULU SOCIAL AID & PLEASURE CLUB RARE ORIGINAL 1990 NEW ORLEANSMARDI GRAS POSTER Artist: Bob ColemanVINTAGE POSTERNOT A REPRINT OR REISSUE VERY FEW PRINTED!! Good night each missis reach "zulu social aid and pleasure club posters". Laborde, Errol. 1991. Free shipping for many products! en masseMEDIA | Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club - New Orleans, Louisiana With powerful tools and services, along with expert support and education, we help creative entrepreneurs start, manage, and scale their businesses. A skit portraying a Zulu Tribe had as its title, "There Never Was and Never Will Be a King Like Me". Elroy A. James serves as president of Zulu. These characters stand to parody the roles presented within white krewes while also playing into societys stereotypical image of uncivilized African men. Items in the Price Guide are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members research needs. Find professional Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc. TV Spot, 'Zulu 29th Annual Mitglieder des Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club machen ein Foto mit der 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing Band whrend der Faschingsfeierlichkeiten in New Orleans am 28. 2, 2013, pp. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. 1990 vintage mardi gras poster, Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club 1 watched in the last 24 hours Condition: Used Time left: 6d 14h | Monday, 02:49 PM Starting bid: US $50.00 [ 0 bids ] Bid Amount Enter US $50.00 or more Place bid Price: US $120.00 No Interest if paid in full in 6 mo on $99+* Buy It Now Add to cart Add to Watchlist The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club is one of the most prominent krewes in Mardi Gras today. Conversations and interviews with older members indicate that, back in the day, the city was divided into wards, and each ward had its own group or "Club." The Tramps were one such group. Mardi Gras: Chronicles of the New Orleans Carnival. Zulu Officers - Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club - New Orleans, Louisiana Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club previews Lundi Gras 2016 with food, entertainment. This event is hosted by the 800 members of the Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club and we welcome you to a fun and exciting day of food, music, arts, and crafts along the beautiful riverfront of New Orleans. LOT OF FIVE: PORCELAIN & TIN AUTOMOTIVE SIGNS. The membership is composed of men from all walks of life. 2007, pp. The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club has always been dedicated to our community. Want to contact the Administration of Domne?Here are all the details of Domne available below. The Louisiana State Museum and the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club are partnering to commemorate Zulu's centennial in 2009 with a special yearlong exhibit at the Presbytere on Jackson Square. Lot Of 2 Zulu Social & Pleasure Club Mardi Gras Parade Glitter King Coconut. This is a strictly formal event. zulu social aid and pleasure club posterscooking wine halal atau haram January 31, 2022 / saints row 4 switch loading screen stuck / in why did loretta devine leave a different world / by / saints row 4 switch loading screen stuck / in why did loretta devine leave a different world / by Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc. Marker Inscription. Fine Art Mardi Gras in New Orleans. The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club has been part of Mardi Gras in New Orleans since 1901. Mardi Gras. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club Mardi Gras 1990 Mr Pig Stuff Poster McQueeney, Kevin. Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club will get a $340,000 federal grant to elevate its headquarters, Mayor LaToya Cantrell and other City officials announce today. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club celebrates anniversary - Yahoo! News 43-62. The Zulu coconut is representative of the history behind the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, its members, and the history of racism in New Orleans. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. On the next page in the program, city councilman and krewe member Roy E. Glapion responded to the question What Does Mardi Gras Mean To You? After Mardi Gras was cancelled in 1979, Mardi Gras 1980 proved to be a rebirth (Laborde 149). Very clean. Art Print. Zulus official 1980 program features an illustration of Zulus 1916 King, John White, holding a golden scepter and wearing gold jewelry, accessories that were an early spoof on the Rex krewe. It is one of a series of three posters created using the designs of British artist and illu, Harold Rabinovitz WPA Era Depression Drawing NY Unemployed, three Social Realist figures in an alley, titled Unemployed, 1936, illustrated on p172 as inventory 68A of the Rabinovitz catalogue raisonne, to Unlimited Devotion Fan Club Poster Group (1967) A beardless Jerry Garcia peers out at you, surrounded by the other youthful-looking members of the Dead in this special poster. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos . . .st0{fill:#ED1C24;} Privacy Policy. While the formation of an African American krewe did not eliminate Mardi Gras elitist reputation, Zulu continues to play a significant role in both the greater New Orleans and African American community. $5.61, $6.60 Dont see this option? Krewe of Bacchus - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, Krewe of Cleopatra - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, Krewe of Proteus - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, Krewe of Orpheus - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, Krewe of Muses - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster, High quality poster of the2023Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club. Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Rare Vintage 1990 Poster New Orleans The program pictures White, arguably alluding to the power dynamic shift following white flight. $34.06, $40.08 Mardi Gras. A New Year and a new decade begins but, the New Year also brings in another cherished celebration, Mardi Gras. The skit represented minstrel style theater where actors in the skit wore blackface and dressed in grass skirts to display the typical stereotypes surrounding African life (Smith). Zulu reaches new heights in popularity, community service Mardi Gras, Options for the 2023 Zulu Mardi Gras Commemorative Poster include: Vinson, Robert Trent and Robert Edgar. Try contacting them via Messages to find out! - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, The Big Shot Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club New Orleans Mardi Gras 1996 Poster, - for PayPal Credit, opens in a new window or tab, about earning points with eBay Mastercard, Report this item - opens in new window or tab. Catalogue Of High Class Paintings, The Private Collection Of Charles H. Oil Paintings Of The French, English, American, Dutch, German And Italia, Catalogue Of Important Modern Pictures And Water Colour Drawings, The Pr, Catalogue Of Ancient And Modern Oil Paintings, Sold By Henry H. Leeds &, Catalogue Of The Celebrated Collection Of Paintings By Modern And Pld Ma, 2023 - WorthPoint Corporation | 5 Concourse Parkway NE, Suite 2900. Condition: The poster is in great overall condition. 12 Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club Premium Video Footage UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center, 2013. Provenance: Property from a Youngstown, OH e, This is just the second example of this poster to appear in our auction! This Court recognized in Gardner v. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, 98-1040 (La. Stbern in Kategorien. Zulu Coconut, Carnival Collection, LaRC-9002, Tulane University Special Collections, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Zulu King Elect 2022 King's Religious Services 2022 Night Out on Crime Following Morials success in office, he later stated in Zulus official 1985 program that he was a proud and active member of the Zulu Social and Pleasure Club. Once serving as a form of insurance for the African American community, Zulu had evolved into a means of political change. YOU DON'T WONT TO MISS IT. The working men of Zulu could not afford expensive treats, but still . As a result of the white flight in the 1960s and 1970s, New Orleans became a predominantly African American community in the early 1980s, allowing the organization to expand its influence. From plenty of food to even more entertainment, members of the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club held an event to preview the 23rd annual Lundi Gras Festival. Just a few faint creases. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club prepares for carnival with their 20th 2023 Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc. All rights reserved. & WEST COAST SHOWS FRAMED AD. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Big Shot Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club New Orleans Mardi Gras 1996 Poster at the best online . The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club, Inc. is proud to present its 2023 coronation ball. - Etsy Sorry, this item is sold out pastcontinues (35) ZULU Social Aid And Pleasure Club. CREATIVE. Mardi Gras, Every Friday, 7pm - until. Accessed 7Oct. 2020. All on a Mardi Gras Day: Episodes in the History of New Orleans Carnival. Calendar - Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club - New Orleans, Louisiana Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club - 2023 Carnival Bulletin Poster Mardi Gras, Options for the 2023 Zulu Mardi Gras Commemorative Poster include: $34.00. When you leave a bid in advance of the auction, submit your maximum. The festival is free and open to the public. Rodney P. Mason ,Jr. Recording Secretary Bro. In 2020 alone, purchases on Etsy generated nearly $4 billion in income for small businesses. Come out, show out and let's have old fashion Zulu fun. City Councilman Jay Banks, who served as a one time Zulu King, has stated, [the costumes] pay homage to the Zulu of southern Africa (Krupa).With this in mind, it is clear that the tambourine is showing us the relation of how the Zulu people in South Africa inspire the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club. Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club Archives - the delta review The bidder who has submitted the highest bid win, Offered for sale by Adam Langlands of 'Shadowrock Rare Books' - for more information please contact him via email at adamlanglands@gmail.com Ralph STEADMAN. For international purchase import fees may apply </p><p>Thank you </p> Sign two is a Auto Club Of Harrisburg Stamped Steel Sign, Grade 7.75. To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Mardi Gras, Every Friday, 7pm - until. The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Inc., is the everyman club. It is a monumental undertaking to stage a ball that by the looks of it takes up most of the convention center's halls. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. Refresh your browser window to try again. Zulus Abroad: Cultural Representation Education, Experiences of Zulus in America, 1880-1945.. look for zulu social aid and pleasure club posters Reviews **** TABLES MAY ONLY BE PURCHASED WITH A 10 SEAT MINIMUM **** *** NO REFUNDS WILL BE GIVEN*** While this tambourine may not be as coveted or beloved as the Zulu coconut, it can tell us much about the background and outlook of the social aid and pleasure club. Monday Feb 6, 2023 Please email us at shipping@vogtauction.com or, McQueen Drives Porsche Original Factory Poster, 1970 measuring 40" x 30", A photographic close up of Steve McQueen with the Porsche 908 and the poster lists three victories from 1970 including the Seb, Buddy Holly and the Crickets: Rare Matters Ballroom poster, 1958 A three-color calendar concert poster for Matters Ballroom in Decorah, Iowa, July 2 - July 29, 1958, including an appearance by Buddy H. Three Embossed Leather Upholstered Club Chairs 20th Century Height 35 x width 39 x depth 36 inches. Louisiana State University Press, 2017. Three Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Posters Estimate $400 - $700 Oct 29, 2019 See Sold Price Sell a Similar Item Shipping, Payment & Auction Policies Ships from New Orleans, LA, United States Accepts seamless payments through LiveAuctioneers View Shipping, Payment & Auction Policies New Orleans Auction Galleries TOP RATED Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club - New Orleans Magazine As mentioned before, on the face of the tambourine is Zulus 1916 King, John White. See my other auctions!Posted with eBay Mobile, If this item contains incorrect or inappropriate information please, Relevant We care about protecting your data. Inspired by a musical skit, the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club was officially established in 1916. South Sutton, New Hampshire, United States. This ritual is an example of how Zulu isnt an exclusive krewe to those of a specific race or gender. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Find the perfect zulu social aid and pleasure club stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. The black leaders of an iconic Mardi Gras parade want you to know their, https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/16/us/zulu-new-orleans-blackface/index.html. All items are packaged securely to ensure a safe delivery. zulu social aid and pleasure club posters 1, Mar. Check out Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc.'s 30 second TV commercial, 'Zulu 29th Annual Lundi Gras Festival' from the Cities & Destinations industry. . Accessed 7. The history behind New Orleans Mardi Gras. The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club Inc., is the everyman club. The Zulu coconut is symbolic of the economic discrimination African Americans have faced throughout history and the obstacles they have overcome to participate in Mardi Gras. PDF From Tramps to Kings: 100 Years of Zulu The decorated coconuts are drained of milk and scraped of the meat to make the coconuts lighter and last longer, which is important considering they are intrinsically the coolest throw ever (Stroup). Our Annual Toy Giveaway was a glowing success with over 2500 toys given away to children all across the metro area. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Caption: Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club parade in New Orleans, February 9, 2016. DOMENE 10 mint Grenoble apartmn 2 splne parkovanie - Byty na Stay Update to happenings going. BBC Motion Gallery; NBC News Archives; MUSIC; The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc. Historical Marker View cart for details. ZULU Social Aid & Pleasure Club Poster New Orleans Lundi Gras See 23 photos and 1 tip from 294 visitors to Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club. Learn about their long history, traditions, and signature throws! Mardi Gras Poster, Mardi Gras Collectibles, Kool Aid Pitcher, First Aid Pouch, Vintake First Aid Kit, African Collectibles, African Batik, Krupa, Michelle. Thank you so much. Despite its name, Zulu does not claim to be an African-themed parade, rather an organization that proudly proclaims its origins in American blackface minstrelsy (Smith 24). Chamberlain, Charles. Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. VIP Tables are also available by calling us at 504 827-1661 or 504 495-9517. Click below to begin your paid subscription. Delivery times may vary, especially during peak periods. 732 N Broad St, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119 USA. 30x24" 2023 Poster Signed by the artist, Becky Fos, and the Zulu King-Elect, Nicholls "Neck" Spears and numbered Free shipping. Here Come the Zulu Mardi Gras 2005.jpg 879 537; 374 KB. Cost: Zulu Ball Table : $2,500.00 VIP Ball Table: $4,000.00. Original Price $6.60 ZULU Social Aid and Pleasure Club. Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. Established in the early twentieth century as a social club and form of insurance for the African American community, Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club was inspired by a musical comedy "In Zululand," more specifically one of the skits "There Never Was and Never Will Be a King Like Me." The Hippodrome in San Diego was one of few venues like it in the area during 1968, so original posters from this club are not o. Sale Price $5.61 Carnival season is upon us, and all throughout New Orleans, people are engaging in various festivities and traditions leading up to Mardi Gras day, which will be February 25 this year. Refresh your browser window to try again. 2023 Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, Inc. All rights reserved. Woldenberg Park along the Mississippi River in the French QuarterNew Orleans, LA, Friday Jan 13, 2023 Select from premium Zulu Social Aid And Pleasure Club of the highest quality. 36" x 24" $100 - $200 Please contact us for high resolution images of this lot. King Zulu 1949, Louis Armstrong, graced the pages of Time Magazine that year. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Notes - Delivery *Estimated delivery dates include seller's handling time, origin ZIP Code, destination ZIP Code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment. The krewe of Zulu is not related to the African tribe of Zulu. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. The Zulu coconut is one of the most highly sought after throws of Mardi Gras, which is a reminder of how Zulu has evolved from being a group of poor laborers to an influential, prominent Mardi Gras krewe.